Unlocking the code: mining the urinary proteome after renal transplantation.

Diagnosis of transplant dysfunction usually requires kidney biopsy. Sidgel et al. compared urinary proteomics with matched kidney biopsies to develop a biomarker panel to differentiate acute rejection, BK viral nephropathy, and chronic allograft nephropathy. The results suggest that monitoring a panel of urinary peptides may ultimately facilitate noninvasive diagnosis and management of common transplant complications.